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Dystonia – Muscle Movement Disorder |
| Dystonia is disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction resulting in twisting and repetitive movements, which may be painful. This movement disorder can affect a whole muscle group or a part or all the body muscles. It may result in abnormal movements in several different areas in the body at once or persistently abnormal postures. Dystonia can be genetic or a form of disease which has no cure, but medical treatments helps to reduce the muscle spasms.
The symptoms of dystonia may include a dragging foot, tremors or voice problems. These symptoms may start in childhood or in late teens and some cases may worsen over time. Medicines, physical therapy and surgeries are used to eliminate the symptoms. The risk of this disorder generally affects the age group of 40 to 60.
The causes of dystonia are not fully known but it is thought that this condition results from a malfunction of a part of a brain called basal ganglia, regulating
voluntary and involuntary movement by controlling muscle contractions in the body. Due to improper functioning, thalamus in the brain is affected which plans and
executes the movement by sending instructions to the nerves through the spinal cord. As a result, wrong muscles contract and it becomes uncontrollable and
uncomfortable. The antagonist and the protagonist muscles generally have an inverse relationship, but in dystonia, both the muscles contract simultaneously resulting
in awkward position.
Dystonia can be classified according the age, according body distribution and by cause. The age factor categorizes into childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Body
distribution includes segmental, generalized, focal, multifocal or hemidystonia while causes can be primary, secondary, ‘dystonia plus’ syndromes or combinations of
hereditary and degenerative causes.
Certain drugs are also known to react in dystonia, which is known as secondary or drug induced dystonia or it may also aggravate the already existing disorder. These
may be some of the antidepressants, anti-vomiting/nausea medicines, psychia tric drugs like anti-allergic and anti-hypersensitive drugs and anti-anxiety agents. Even
excess alcohol is not advised.
Focal dystonias affect one part of body like vocal chords, neck, arm or eyes. Multifocal affects unrelated body parts like eyes and hands or arm and neck.
Hemidystonias mostly result from a stroke and affect only one side of the body. Primary dystonia shows no abnormality of central nervous system while secondary
dystonia implies causes like inherited or acquired neurological disorder by drugs or toxins, environmental cause or changes in brain structure.
Dystonia treatment can only improve the symptoms but cannot cure the disorder. A neurological examination with blood test and brain scan is done to check for injury or illnesscausing dystonia. If no cause is found, it is termed ‘idiopathic’. Specialists like ophthalmologists for blepharospasm or ENT specialist for spasmodic dysphonia or oromandibular dystonia carry out further investigations. To know in detail about various other remedies, one can search for it online with top medical videos and services.
Dystonia requires a positive attitude and emotional support of the family eventhough it is not life-threatening. |
Author Info:
Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder, in which sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures.
Dystonia TreatmentAlso, learn about other Medical Services.
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